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Real Time Monitoring of Specific Airborne Pollutants on Nanostructured Smart Surfaces
Start Date 08/01/2006
End Date 07/31/2007
Primary Partner: Syracuse University
Primary Contact: Luk, Yan-Yeung - Assistant Professor
Other Project Contacts:
Ren, Dacheng - Co-Principal Investigator
Schlereth, Fritz - Co-Principal Investigator
Asefa, Tewodros - Co-Principal Investigator
Sangani, Ashok - Co-Principal Investigator
Project Type: CARTI I
Technical Description:
The targeted pollutants will be captured on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) by highly selective receptors designed to target for specific chemical (aldehyde versus acetone) or biological (mite allergens) pollutants. In one mechanism, the capture of chemical pollutants on SAM supported by a nanostructured gold film will trigger an orientational change in the liquid crystal that is in contact with the surface, which further relays a wireless signal. In the other mechanism, the capture of biological pollutants will trigger a piezoelectric resonance signal. Both of the mechanisms do not require chemical or radioactive labeling or elaborated instrumentation, and thus support real-time detection with high selectivity and sensitivity in an indoor environment. The issue with bio-fouling by protein adsorption and dust particles is also addressed using bio-inert chemistry and filtered active transport system, respectively.
Expected Outcomes:
Development of two novel mechanisms, to monitor in real time, the indoor airborne pollutants.
Accomplishments:
With this one-year project, we have established a multi-disciplinary research arena for both fundamental science and making new materials for biosensor development. We have currently started to explore the development with an industry partner for product development and for further funding opportunities.
The project has been successfully finished through the collaboration of the PI and co-PI's laboratories. Important elements of all of the specific aims of the proposal were achieved with four peer-reviewed publications and two patent applications. Additional exploration enabled by this one-year project has established an exciting research arena that builds biosensors for air and aqueous-borne toxins, and assisted in obtaining a NSF funding, budgeted for 3 years. The results for each specific aim in this project are described below.
Aim 1. Immobilize capture receptor for specific target pollutants on self-assembled monolayer while preventing the ubiquitous problem of bio-fouling of undesired protein adsorption on the surface.
We have made all six proposed alkanethiols for studying the background bio-inert properties, and for tethering the ligands that specifically capture the targeted toxins. We demonstrated that nanostructured gold films can be used to enhance the bio-inertness that resists non-specific mammalian cell adhesion. For immobilizing the protein ligand (antibody) that can capture selectively the targeted toxins, we have developed a fundamentally new chemistry "Water-Driven Chemoselective Reactions" that can immobilize proteins or peptides that have a cysteine incorporated, which can be routinely obtained commercially.
Aim 2. Integration of the surface chemistry with liquid crystal modulated electromagnetic signaling - real time detection mechanism I.
We identified a unique, almost exotic, chromonic lyotropic liquid crystal (disodium cromoglycate, DSCG) that has a non-amphilphilic structure that does not denature protein structures. Using this liquid crystal, we have discovered a fundamentally new colloid system: water-in-water emulsion stabilized by non-amphiphilic interactions. More importantly, we have built a porous hydrogel structure with immobilized proteins that are highly bioactive, and in some cases, maybe higher than the free protein in solution.
Aim 3. Integration of the surface chemistry with a piezoelectric resonator - real time detection mechanism II.
We have obtained exciting preliminary results detecting air-borne chemicals by engineering monolayer chemistry on piezoelectric resonator.
Benefits:
Once put into practice, these technologies and methods will provide a significant enhancement to the ability to monitor indoor air quality in real time.
For more information: http://www-che.syr.edu/faculty/luk.html
Peer-reviewed journal publications:
Water-Driven Chemoselective Reaction of Squarate Derivatives with Amino Acids and Peptides, Preeti Sejwal, Yongbin Han, Akshay Shah and Yan-Yeung Luk*, Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 4897-4900.
Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Confinement by Gradient Nanotopography, Karen A. Simon, Erik A. Burton, Yongbin Han, Jun Li, Anny Huang and Yan-Yeung Luk*, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 4892-4893.
Water-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Non-Amphiphilic Interactions: Polymer-Dispersed Lyotropic Liquid Crystals, Karen A. Simon, Preeti Sejwal, Ryan B. Gerecht, Yan-Yeung Luk*, Langmuir, 2007, 23, 1453-8.
Inhibiting Escherichia Coli Biofilm Formation by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Functional Alkanethiols on Gold Shuyu Hou, Erik A. Burton, Karen A. Simon, Dustin Blodgett, Yan-Yeung Luk* and Dacheng Ren*, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 73, 4300-4307.
Patent applications:
Yan-Yeung Luk, Karen A. Simon, Erik A. Burton "Enhanced Bio-Assays by Using Gradient Nanotopography" (Filed).
Yan-Yeung Luk, Karen A. Simon, Dacheng Ren, "Biocatalytic Materials Built by Water-in-Water Emulsion", submitted (2007).
Water-driven Chemoselective Reaction
Image Credit: Yan-Yeung Luk, Syracuse University
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